Plant pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases in plants, leading to reduced crop yield and quality. These pathogens can include fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and parasitic plants. They infect plants by invading plant tissues, disrupting nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, and producing toxins that harm the plant. Plant pathogens can spread through air, soil, water, and infected plant material, leading to the rapid spread of disease in agricultural crops and natural ecosystems. Researchers in this area study the biology, ecology, and management of plant pathogens to develop effective strategies for disease control and prevention. This research is crucial for ensuring global food security and safeguarding plant biodiversity.